The Theory Of Ladenness s Theory Essay - 1330 Words

The theory of ladenness has been debated amongst philosophers for hundreds of years. The theory of ladenness debates whether one’s past experiences affect their perceived inputs or their interpretation of those inputs. Kuhn strongly believes that one’s experiences affect what they perceive, however Hanson provides strong evidence suggesting that what people perceive as their surroundings are indistinguishable, but their interpretations differ. While there is evidence to support both theories, I believe that Hanson better provides evidence by showing the strength of his theory while correspondingly arguing the flaws in Kuhn’s theory. To understand the theory of ladenness, we need to differentiate between perception and interpretation. Perception is the process where we become aware of our surroundings, while interpretation is the process were our minds absorb the information and comprehend it using information and experiences we have accumulated. Despite their dif ferences, these two functions are essentially related. Together they allow us to become aware and react to our surroundings. We are constantly perceiving and subconsciously reacting to our surroundings, without any cognization. However, when we are presented with a problem, we force ourselves to use a deeper level of cognition to think through the problem. This mindful use of our cognitive abilities is what interpretation is, the application of our past experiences to comprehend what he have perceived. Rather thanShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 747 Words   |  3 Pagesbeliefs called the paradigm (SSR, 10). The paradigm con- tains four basic categories of knowledge, (i) firmly established symbolic laws (e.g., f = ma), (ii) metaphysical world-views (e.g., that matter is composed of atoms), (iii) values (e.g., that theories should be consistent, plausible, and sim- ple), and (iv) methodological knowledge (often a tacit understanding of how to solve scientific problems). This knowledge was, and is, a prerequisite to becom- ing a scientist, which is why the paradigmRead MoreDominant Banking Sector2399 Words   |  10 Pagesinvest in infrastructure development and other projects to improve the standard of living; health, education, housing, electricity, water, and roads all received attention. The success of ventures such as the Bahrain Grand Prix has raised the Kingdom s international profile, and combined with the boom in Islamic banking, has encouraged major airlines to resume services to the country, with Lufthansa announcing on 14 March 2006 that it would schedule three flights a week to Manama from Frankfurt. As

Thai Labour Law on Employment Termination Free Essays

â€Å"If the parties have not fixed the duration of the contract either party can terminate it by giving notice at or before any time of payment to take effect at the following time of payment. But no more than three-month notice need be given. ?†The employer can, on giving such notice, immediately dispense with the services of the employee by paying him his remuneration up to the expiration of the notice† Section 17, paragraph two – of the Labour Protection Act: Where the employment contract is of no specific duration, the employer or the employee may terminate the employment contract by giving an advance notice in writing to the other party on or before the date fixed for a payment of wages so that the termination of the employment contract takes effect on the date fixed for the next succeeding payment of wages, provided that the advance notice need not be of a period exceeding three months. We will write a custom essay sample on Thai Labour Law on Employment Termination or any similar topic only for you Order Now Compensation for Termination of Employment: Upon terminating an employee, the employer is required to pay compensation to the employee whose amount depends on the length of the employee’s service towards the employer. Periods of employmentAmounts of severance payment An employee who has consecutively completed 120 days, but less than one (1) year, of work:a payment of not less than 30 days of his or her last wages, or, in the case of an employee who works on a piecemeal basis, not less than the wages of his or her last 30 days of work. Before the termination of an employment is to take effect, the employer needs to notify his employee in writing on or prior to a wage payment date so that the termination takes effect on the succeeding wage payment date. However, the period of an advance notice need not be more than three (3) months. Unfair Termination 5. 1 Section 49 – Act on the Establishment of the Labour Court and Labour Procedure, B. E. 2522 (A. D. 1979) Besides the payment of severance pay, an employer may be ordered by the labour court, upon the employee’s request to t pursuant to Section 49, either to reinstate the dismissed employee or to pay damages to him or her if it is found that the dismissal is unfair Section 49 provides: â€Å"In the trial of a case of dismissal of an employee by an employer, if the labour court is of the opinion that such a dismissal is not fair to the employee, the labour court may order the employer to accept the said employee to work at the rate of wage payable at t he time of dismissal. If the labour court is of the opinion that the employer and the employee cannot work together any longer, the labour court shall fix the amount of damages as compensation to be paid by the employer by taking into consideration the age of the employee, the length of employment of the employee, the hardship of the employee at the time of dismissal, cause of the dismissal and the compensation to which the employee is entitled. † Thai Supreme Court Judgment No. 574/2526 An employee had committed 11 counts of wrongdoings some of which warranted a dismissal by the employer and denied the wrongdoer necessary protection under the labour law. The employer did not dismiss the employee in question by reason of the wrongdoing, but elected to impose a lighter disciplinary action against him. Subsequently, the employer decided to dismiss the employee after he failed to report to work for one day. Apparently, the dismissal was also made in reliance on the employee’s previous wrongdoings. The court held the dismissal as an unfair termination of employment because the employer was believed to have no intention in penalising (i. e. dismissing) the employee at the times the past wrongdoings occurred. Therefore, the employer could no longer rely on the past wrongdoings to dismiss the employee again. Summary of What Constitutes an Unfair Termination. In addition, on the basis of court judgments, an unfair termination of employment may be summarised to include (i) a dismissal without cause, or with cause but such cause is unreasonable, or (ii) it is not to such an extent as to warrant a dismissal, or (iii) it lies outside a company’s work rules or an employment contract, or (iv) a dismissal in which an alleged offence of an employee cannot be proved or in which an employee has committed no offence, or (v) a dismissal which is intended to harass or persecute an employee. How to cite Thai Labour Law on Employment Termination, Essays

First Person Shooter free essay sample

This essay explores the evidence in support of a correlative and/or causal relationship between video game violence and increased aggression in children. A variety of studies are cited, including independent studies, longitudinal studies, meta-analyses and physiological experiments. The conclusion of the writer is that there is sufficient evidence to support the increase in aggression in children is causally affected by their exposure to video game violence. First Person Shooter Rapid gunshots filled the air, then muffled moans and shrieks sounded in the living room. The phone rang for the sixth time in the kitchen before Mom could answer with a breathless, â€Å"Hello? † She listened intently as the voice of Christian’s teacher on the other end explained that earlier that day Christian had threatened to â€Å"blow up the school. † â€Å"But he’s only in the third grade,† Mom thought as she quietly hung up the phone. She turned toward the living room where the cries of the wounded emerged as more shots were fired and shouted, â€Å"Christian, turn that video game off. . we need to talk! † For decades psychologists have studied the effect of violent television programming on children. Now a new source of media violence has worked its insidious way into children’s lives. Although it is only an emerging body of research, the evidence is clear. Video game violence makes children more aggressive. The History In America today, â€Å"youth between 8 and 18 spend over 40 hours per week using some type of media† (Anderson, 2003, p. 143). Television is still the most common form of media involvement, but video game play is rapidly growing in popularity. In this essay the term video game is used to refer to games played on any electronic system ranging from console stations, to hand-held devices, to computers. The advent of video games first emerged in 1977 with the introduction of Pong – a simple game similar to digital ping-pong. In the relatively short period of time since then, the graphics and realism of video games has increased exponentially. By the early 1990s, it became apparent that violent video games sold better and formatting of the games evolved from a third-person viewpoint to â€Å"first-person shooter†. In this format, the view of the player is as if they are the character and can see through his eyes, rather than seeing the whole character. The action in these games takes place as if the player is firing the gun, or stabbing the victim, or using his own fists. The high level of violence the player must display in these games is glamorized, reinforced, and rewarded. The relationship between the violence kids see and how they behave is not quantifiable, but numerous recent experiments reveal that even minimal exposure to such violence can cause an increase in aggressive behavior. The Evidence One longitudinal psychological study revealed that â€Å"viewing. . . violence at age 8 was a significant and positive predictor of serious adult criminality twenty-two years later independent of social class, intellectual achievement, or parenting variables† (as cited in Smith Donnerstein, 2003, p. 74). Many individual studies show a correlation between video game violence and increased aggression, but to get a clearer picture of the danger we turn to meta-analyses. Meta-analyses are statistical summaries of all empirical studies relating to a particular topic. They provide researchers with a more accurate statistical estimate of the effects considered in the studies. According to Anderson in his meta-analytic study of the effects of video game violence on aggression, â€Å"Overall, the results showed that exposure to violent video games significantly increases aggressive behavior, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and aggressive cognition† (p. 53) and that it causes a significant reduction in pro-social behavior. It was concluded that effects of exposure to violent video games on aggressive behavior in children has a more significant impact than the effects of second-hand cigarette smoke, the effects of calcium on bone density, and the effect of doing homework on academic performance. Another meta-analysis reviewed the data from twenty-eight studies in regard to the effect of video game violence on aggressiveness in children. Bensley Van Eenwyk (2001) determined that â€Å"Three of four studies using behavioral observations of aggression during freeplay found that violent video game play causes increased aggression or aggressive play immediately after the video game†(p. 253). Many of the psychological studies of the relationship between exposure to video game violence and increased aggression in children are correlation and do not show a direct causal effect. Other factors that can contribute to increased have to be considered in such correlation studies where causality cannot be proven. However, a new type of study by Webber, Ritterfeld, Mathiak, (2006) provide us with empirical physiological evidence that video games do increase aggression in a causal relationship. In this study, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was used to take brain scans of activity in the parts of the brain associated with aggression immediately following exposure to violent video game activity. The part of the brain studied was the frontal lobe which had previously been determined to show reduced activity in anterior cingulated cortex (ACC) activity in teens with diagnosed â€Å"antisocial conduct and aggressive behavior disorders† (p. 2). The findings of Webber, Ritterfeld, Mathiak, are astonishing and provide definitive physiological evidence that exposure to video game violence causes an immediate response in the part of the brain where aggression is processed. The results of corresponding fMRI test by Matthews et al. (2005) reveal that â€Å"after high violent exposure to virtual violence, adolescents with no psychopathological history demonstrated the same reduced [ACC] brain activity in the frontal lobe as a control group of adolscents diagnosed with aggressive/disruptive behavior disorders† (as cited in Webber, Ritterfeld, Mathiak, 2006 p. 3) It was further concluded that the reduction in brain activity in the ACC â€Å"occur exclusively in the immediate vicinity of violent game play and predominantly follow virtual violent activities in time† (Webber, Ritterfeld, Mathiak, 2006 p. 47). While the body of research is still small, the evidence supporting the negative results of exposure to violent video games is expanding rapidly and clearly suggests that all children, ranging from the very young to at-risk adolescents, are vulnerable to the damaging effects of the violence they are xposed to in repeated violent video game- play. Who Is At Risk? With the evidence accumulating, it would be irresponsible to assume that large segments of the population are immune to the negative impact that video game violence clearly has. As reported in the 2010 Youth Violence Fact Sheet issued by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2010), â€Å"in 2007, 5,764 young people ages 10 to 24 were murdered—an average of 16 each day. Homicide was the 2nd leading cause of death for young people ages 10 to 24 [and] 84% were killed with a firearm. In 2008, more than 656,000 young people ages 10 to 24 were treated in emergency departments for injuries sustained from violence† (p. 1). The CDC fact sheet provides further data about violence and school-age children by stating â€Å"In a 2009 nationally-representative sample of youth in grades 9-12: 17. 5% reported carrying a weapon (gun, knife or club) on one or more days in the past 30 days [and that] between 1992 and 2006, 116 students were killed in 109 separate incidents – an average of 16. 5 student homicides each year† (p. 2). The results are clear across the board that violent video games have a negative causal effect that can increase aggressiveness in all children, yet some specialized groups may be more deeply affected by this increase in aggressive tendencies. The Young Player Young children (ages 10 to 12) are potentially at greater risk for increased aggression and other harmful effects because they are still learning social scripts. The social rules children develop early are referred to as scripts and become wired into the psyche where they tell the individual what to do, how to react and what is expected in common, everyday social settings. According to Funk, (2003), â€Å"It is well established that children learn general social rules and specific behaviors from repeated cycles of observation, practice and reinforcement. Such cycles are integral to playing violent video games† (p. 171). Funk, proposed that â€Å"a child could develop and internalize scripts for situations that trigger aggression [by] playing violent video games. If such scripts are derived from unreal violence that has no negative consequences [in the game-play], then the child’s response to violence in real life will. . . lack] recognition of the true consequences of violent actions and violence will be seen as a reasonable [response] in many interpersonal situations† (pp. 171-2). Very young children face another challenge when it comes to their developing psyche and the influence of video games – learning the basic constructs of morality. The development of morality in children continues throughout childhood as their higher-order emotions mature. Funk, supported this opinion stating, â€Å"The violent actions required by these [violent video] games are devoid of moral emotion and moral judgment† (p. 73). Professor Lasch-Quinn, (2003) reports that â€Å"Psychologists agree that the basic minimum requirements for the formation of moral conscience in children is the early development of a sense of empathy for others† (p. 50). Young children may suffer from impairment of moral development because the video games lack the normal connection between committing violent acts and realistic moral evaluation, in addition to depersonalizing the victims in the games and downplaying the perceived harm the victim receives. At-Risk Kids Another building block of the moral framework that children are constructing as they grow is that of attitude. Pro-violence attitudes are more prevalent in at-risk children such as victims of abuse or inner-city gang members (Funk, 2003 p. 174). The attitude of these at-risk children toward violence develops from a series of real-life experiences where violence is experienced as the primary way to express and resolve conflict. They view violence differently because it is something they encounter as part of daily life. Pro-violence attitudes are also prevalent in children who bully. According to Funk, victims of abuse, inner-city gang involved children and bullies â€Å"can now be identified as ‘high-risk’ with some degree of certainty† (p. 177) for developing aggressive behaviors as a result of violent video game interaction. Children with various cognitive and behavioral problems are also at greater risk. Funk stated that â€Å"It is well established that children with hostile knowledge structures. . . tend to misinterpret the actions of others as having hostile intent, [and] are more likely to behave in an aggressive manner† (p. 179). The evidence from the research supports the correlational and causal effects of violent video games on aggression in children and reflects that while all children are at risk, some groups may be more susceptible to the damaging effects. Conclusions As violent video games become an ever more popular form of entertainment for children, psychologists have increased their efforts to determine the relationship between the violence and increased aggression in children. Many studies reveal strong correlational data suggesting a direct link between interacting with violent video games and increased aggression. New physiological studies are able to pinpoint that certain areas of the brain that control aggression are affected by exposure to violent video game-play. Emerging data shows that while all children are at risk for an increased level of aggression due to violent video game play, certain groups are at greater risk for these disastrous results. As the number and variety of studies grow, it is clear that violent video games cause children to be aggressive.

The Prince Essay Research Paper Niccol free essay sample

The Prince Essay, Research Paper Niccol Machiavelli # 8217 ; s The Prince is a blunt political booklet refering the assorted sorts of princedoms, military personal businesss, the qualities of a Prince, and Machiavelli # 8217 ; s positions on Italy # 8217 ; s political position during the Renaissance. Machiavelli uses many specific illustrations throughout the text both ancient and current to Renaissance epoch. To understand the book more wholly and Machiavelli # 8217 ; s grounds for composing The Prince, it is necessary to understand Machiavelli # 8217 ; s life and the times he lived in. When Niccolo Machiavelli was born in the spring of 1469, Italy had attained a high topographic point in the European community, but it would non last. By the clip Machiavelli had reached the age of 25, King Charles VIII of France had driven the governing Medici household out of the metropolis of Florence, the last resisting Italian princedom. The Florentines would non stand for this ; they ousted the new swayer out of the metropolis and founded the Florentine democracy. We will write a custom essay sample on The Prince Essay Research Paper Niccol or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Machiavelli shortly started work as clerk under Adriani, caput of the Second Chancery. Four old ages past by and in 1498, Machiavelli became Chief Secretary of the Florentine Republic, and so subsequently that twelvemonth, he succeeded Adriani as caput of the Second Chancery. While in this place as Chief Secretary, he went on many diplomatic missions and observed many foreign authoritiess in action. From these experiences, Machiavelli would subsequently pull the decisions, he writes about in The Prince. He was entrusted with legion missions to France, ally of the Florentine democracy, to run into with King Louis XII in the old ages 1500, 1504, and 1510. In 1502, Niccol Machiavelli married Marietta Corsini and traveled to Romagna, where he observed the incidents that led to the slaying of Cesare Borgia. Machiavelli # 8217 ; s survey of Cesare Borgia, his actions and the events taking to his decease greatly influenced his political beliefs. Machiavelli returned to Florence in January of 1503, later that twelvemonth he witnessed the election of Pope Julius II. In December of 1506, Machiavelli submitted his program to form a Florentine reserves to Pierre Soderini, leader of the Florentine democracy. Soderini accepted his petition and created the Nove di Mili z. After forming the Florentine foot, Machiavelli envoyed in 1507 to run into with Emperor Maximilian II, who was fixing his invasion of Italy. The Florentine reserves fought at the gaining control of Pisa in 1509. Machiavelli went on his last mission to France in 1510. Pope Julius II allied himself with Spain and Venice, together they conquered France, the Florentine # 8217 ; s ally. Then in 1512, the Spanish ground forces invaded Florence and defeated the Florentine reserves. The Medici household returned to power and deponed Machiavelli from his station. The Medici household accused Machiavelli of engagement in a confederacy against them ; they imprisoned him for a little clip. After the election of Giovanni de Medici to the pontificate as Leo X, they released Machiavelli. Machiavelli retired to a little farm in San Casciano, where he would compose his statements on political relations. He began composing The Prince and his other lesser known work The Discourses in 1513. In 1515, he wrote a comedy, La Mandragola, a sarcasm on seduction. The Medici household consulted Machiavelli in 1519 on a new Florentine fundamental law. In 1520, he wrote The Life of Castruccio Castracani, a narrative essay on the life of adult male, who founded the province of Lucca in Tuscany, in the 14th century. Machiavelli published seven books in 1521 entitled The Art of War. The seven books contain Machiavelli # 8217 ; s ideas on war tactics and the high quality of national military personnels over soldier of fortunes. The Medici household used Machiavelli # 8217 ; s services once more in 1525 ; they commissioned him to compose The History of Florence. A twelvemonth subsequently in 1526, Pope Clement VII, a Medici, contracted Machiavelli to study the defences at Florence and so sent him to run into with historian Francesco Guicciardini. In 1527, the imperial ground forces invaded and defiled Rome. Following this profanation of Rome, the Florentines removed the Medici from power and established a 2nd democracy. Machiavelli did non return to office, for he was a suspected ally of the Medici. He became really sick and died June 20, 1527. Niccolo Machiavelli is uprightly buried at Santa Croce, the church of Florence. The first several chapters of The Prince explicate the four types of princedoms and the methods in which they are acquired. Chapter I states that all authoritiess are either democracies or princedoms. From at that place, all princedoms are familial, assorted, new, or ecclesiastical. Then, Machiavelli goes on to state that familial princedoms are easy maintained, granted that the prince non diverge from his ascendants policies. Mixed princedoms originate when familial princedoms get new districts. These princedoms are non as easy kept, for two grounds. The first is that the people will replace their leader if they feel it would break conditions. Machiavelli gives five defences for this state of affairs. The first and best is to shack in the new state. Second, a prince should put up settlements to function as connexions to the female parent state. A prince should so go the main guardian of the less puissant next districts. Then, he should weaken his more powerful neighbours. For no gro und, should a prince allow any foreign power to come in the state. The 2nd ground assorted princedoms are difficult to keep is a prince can non fulfill the expectancies of those who helped him take over, and he does non desire to utilize inordinate actions because he requires the backup of the people. Chapter IV is entitled Why the Kingdom of Darius, Conquered by Alexander, Did Not, On Alexander # 8217 ; s Death, Rebel Against His Successors, the reply to the inquiry lies in the different manner in which the province was governed. The Kingdom of Darius was ruled in an bossy manner common to Asia during Alexander the Great # 8217 ; s clip unlike the feudal system common to Europe. This bossy manner was present in the Kingdom of Turkey during Machiavelli # 8217 ; s clip, where in Turkey the prince is the maestro of everyone and everything. Everyone is his slave ; he transfers his governors about at a caprice. This signifier of authorities is hard to suppress because everyone who assists the male monarch is dependent upon him, but is easy maintain after the prince # 8217 ; s household is subjugated. The precise opposite is the feudal system in the Kingdom of France where the Lords are loved by their ain people and the male monarch would merely swear a baronial at his ain hazard. Suppressing a feudal authorities like this is easy done, when the Lords are turned against the male monarch. There are three methods to retaining a freshly acquired district. The first and most definite, is to destruct it. The 2nd is for the prince to travel and shack at that place. Third, the prince may elect to let the district to populate under its ain Torahs. This method is non the surest manner, although it keeps the people happy. The lone manner to be certain is to foremost, destruct it, and 2nd, reside in it. Chapter VI # 8211 ; IX clear up the four types of new princedoms, grouped by how they are acquired. When a prince acquires a new princedom by his ain weaponries, the trouble of keeping his station depends entirely upon his ability. Although good luck may be involved, fortune is worthless without virtuousness. Princes who get their princedoms by the assistance of others and good luck, do non keep power easy. The best of illustration of this is Cesare Borgia, whose male parent, Alexander VI, aided Cesare in suppressing Romagna. However, when his male parent died and Julius II became Catholic Pope, Borgia was ruined. Princedoms that are acquired through evil conveying merely discredit to their princes non awards. Civic princedoms can be attained in two manners, by the support of the people or by the aid of the Lords. Those princes, who come to power by the aid of the Lords, are less powerful than those who come to power by the love of the peopl vitamin E are. For the Lords think they are equal with the prince, but the people are his loving topics, ready at his bid. Chapter X introduces military personal businesss, particularly military might as the step of the strength of the province. Princes need to hold strong ground forcess and those who do non necessitate strong defences and abundant supplies. Machiavelli asserts that military power entirely is non equal, a prince must hold the love of his people. For a prince loved by his people and that has strong munitions can outlive any siege effort. Ecclesiastical princedoms are governed by spiritual regulations. These spiritual provinces frequently have huge secular power. They are troublesome to take over, but easy maintain thenceforth, for they prince derives his power from a higher being in the eyes of his followings. The Catholic Pope, during Machiavelli # 8217 ; s clip, was non merely a spiritual leader, but besides an enterprising secular prince. The pontificate lost some of its secular power after the reformation in the early 1500 # 8217 ; s. Chapters XII # 8211 ; XIV cover with the types of soldiers, Machiavelli # 8217 ; s distrust towards soldier of fortunes, and the duties of prince affecting the armed forces. The four types of soldiers mentioned by Machiavelli are soldier of fortunes, subsidiary, native, and assorted. Machiavelli considers materialistic and subsidiary military personnels to be useless and unsafe. He maintains that soldier of fortunes will give manner in the minute of test on the battleground. Auxiliary military personnels should non be relied on either, due to the fact they non under the direct regulation of the prince. Native military personnels, whether they are the citizens of a democracy or the topics of a princedom, make the best pick. They fight for national causes non a meager pay or an ally. Assorted military personnels result from intermixing materialistic and national military personnels. Assorted military personnels are better than soldier of fortunes or subsidiary military personnels, bu t native military personnels are uncomparable. Machiavelli blames the foreign domination of Italy on the usage of soldier of fortunes that were hired to halt Charles VIII in 1494. War is the great equaliser, it can let a prince to keep his princedom, and can raise an mean adult male to a place of power. A prince should analyze the history of war, imitate the actions of masters, and analyze the grounds for licking. Chapter Fifteen begins the subdivision of the book covering with the qualities of a prince. Princes are people ; they have good and bad qualities. Machiavelli points this out, he understands their will neer be an ideal individual. Machiavelli suggests that princes should endeavor to demo those qualities, which would assist him keep his province, and curtail those qualities that would strip him of his province. A prince should non be broad because it requires heavy revenue enhancement of the people to keep the repute of being broad. The people will easy get down to dislike the prince, as he requires more revenue enhancements. On the other manus, if a prince is miserly, as his princedom grows, he will necessitate less and less revenue enhancement on the people. He will show himself, as progressively broad and derive favour with is people. The quality of mercy is non an inauspicious quality for a prince, but he should be alert as non allow anyone mistreat his clemency. Cruelty can be used for good, like when Cesare Borgia unified Romagna. Cesare Borgia # 8217 ; s inhuman treatment restored Romagna to peace and order, while on the contrary the Florentine # 8217 ; s clemency allowed Pistoia to be destroyed. Princes in the company of soldier should non avoid the repute of being cruel, because clement generals frequently lose control of their ground forcess. When a prince uses inhuman treatment, he should make so in a manner that he incites fear, but non hatred. Machiavelli declares that princes are above the moral codification for the good of province. Princes must maintain a good outside ; they should look spiritual and honest. They must avoid hate, for a prince who is hated is destined for ruin. A prince should non take belongings of his topics or disrespect their adult females. Princes should keep a good strong military and good Alliess to support from external enemies. To protect against confederacies, he should derive favour with topics and avoid hatred and discredit. Machiavelli exhorts the best method to keep regard for the Lords and to fulfill the people is to make a parliament. A prince of a new princedom should neer demilitarize his topics and if he discovers them disarmed, he should build up them. The lone case, in which a prince should demilitarize his topics, is merely after he has annexed a freshly acquired district. In this case, he should demilitarize merely his newer topics to avoid rebellion. A prince should neer construct a fortress to protect himself from his ain topics. Rather, he should befriend them and avoid hatred. Chapter Twenty-two nowadayss techniques for a prince to achieve esteem and regard. The first technique is to hold an firm foreign policy ; an illustration is Ferdinand of Aragon who unified Spain under the name of Catholicism. A prince can derive a repute by domestic policy, exemplified by Messer Bernab of Milan, whose domestic policies of honoring and punishing attained him a far-reaching repute. Princes should avoid declaring neutrality ; they should be either true ally or true enemy. However, a prince should neer ally himself with a powerful leader, to avoid going his captive. A prince should be a frequenter of the humanistic disciplines and scientific disciplines, and promote his topics who prosper and add to the illustriousness of his princedom. Princes should be really know aparting when they select their secretaries. He should choose people who are wise and prudent, who will freely talk their head, and non blandish him. A prince # 8217 ; s counsellors should give advice merely when asked, and should state the truth at all times. Once a prince has heard the advice of his counsellors, he should do a determination and transport it out. A prince # 8217 ; s secretaries are important picks because princes are judged by the people environing them. This chapter refering the pick of secretaries concludes the subdivision of The Prince pertaining to the qualities of a prince. The last several chapters of the book discuss Machiavelli # 8217 ; s positions on Italy # 8217 ; s political state of affairs and his grounds for composing the book. In chapter XXIV, Machiavelli examines the grounds the princes of Italy have lost their princedoms. The first ground given, they all lacked native military personnels. They hired soldier of fortunes and used subsidiary military personnels. Their mistakes have already been stated. The 2nd, the princes did non lenify and befriend their people or they did non restrict the power and protect themselves from the Lords. Chapter Twenty-five explains how princes can command their luck by comparing luck to a adult female. Chapter Twenty-six, the last chapter, is an essay on how a prince should unify Italy and emancipate the Italians from foreign regulation The dedication and last chapter of book define Machiavelli # 8217 ; s motives for The Prince. Machiavelli dedicated the book to Lorenzo di Piero de # 8217 ; Medici the Magnificent. He did this to derive favour with Medici household and return the public life in Florence. His 2nd motive lies in the last chapter, where Machiavelli elucidates his hope that a prince will unify Italy, under one crowned head swayer, as Machiavelli observed on his missions to France. Machiavelli believed that Jesus would come from the Medici household and urges the Medici to utilize the cognition from his book to deliver and unite Italy. Niccol Machiavelli was an intelligent politician who defined the scientific discipline of political relations. His book, The Prince, was the first of its sort. It explores non merely the obtaining of power, but besides keeping power, which defines a strong leader from the remainder. Machiavelli clearly writes about present human conditions non some ideal utopia. He uses logically statements, is realistic in his attack, and reveals his deep apprehension of the liberty of political relations. Many of his thoughts still hold true today, and have proven themselves true in the twentieth century.

The eNotes Blog Literary Love Quotes for YourValentine

Literary Love Quotes for YourValentine The media shows us two reactions to this little, commercial holiday: 1)  the lovey-dovey people feeding each other heart-shaped chocolates into their perfect, air-brushed mouths, and 2)  single, bitter people, doubling down on the BOGO chocolate at the local grocery store. Many of us, however, do not adhere to that binary system and enjoy reading love stories, bundling up with chocolate and/or a significant other, and taking the holiday as basically an ordinary day with cheap chocolate. By the way, there are some good deals on boxed chocolate when V-Day finally rolls around. In spirit of the holiday, enjoy the following collection of love-inspired quotes and the works from whence they came. Books dont have to fall under the taboo heading of romance to have a little of the good stuff, otherwise known as love. 1. Anna Karenina  by Leo Tolstoy Something of an untraditional love story, Anna Karenina follows a myriad of characters and their attempts, successful and not, to fall and stay in love.  Anyone familiar with this classic novel knows that while the love story between Kitty and Levin may not be intentionally drawn to the center stage, we as readers find ourselves drawn to the actual truth to their emotions rather than Annas less than committed feelings toward her husband. In fact, the union between Levin and Kitty serves as something of an  antithesis to the marriage between Anna and Alexi; while the latter married for status, the former married because they, you know, actually care for one another. Of course, the lovey aspect of the novel is not the sole purpose of the story, but it certainly makes up a large portion of it. 2. Persuasion  by Jane Austen Another classic tale of love filled with strife, unrequited (oh wait, yes! requited) feelings, confusion, and heartbreak- we read this stuff because we love it. After years of missing her beloved Captain Wentworth, Anne finds there may just be hope for their love after all. Honestly though, it wouldnt be much of a story if there wasnt even a chance.  Jane Austen was a pioneer for female authors and  opened the door for romance as a genre to be taken seriously. 3. Les Misà ©rables  by Victor Hugo Not all literary love must  fall under the umbrella of romance genre. Obviously, anyone with human contact and less than an all consuming dislike of all who share our evolutionary ancestors knows that. While of course Les Mis chronicles the touching love story of Cosette and Marius, one could (and many do) argue that the real love is between Cosette and her adoptive father figure (Jean Valjean, the totally dangerous convict/bread thief). Ever since he met her mother under *unfortunate circumstances* and took on the care of the girl, its clear that Valjean would do anything for little Cosette- including risk his life for Marius. Now, thats some father-daughter bonding. 4. Jane Eyre  by Charlotte Brontà « Another one of those stories where two people are in love, a misunderstanding rends them apart, and then theres the agony of the wondering whether or not theyll end up together and live happily ever after. This type of romance literature really made a moment for itself, didnt it? (See the above shoutout to Jane Austen). But if it isnt broken, dont fix it. To  Mr. Rochester, I will say that trying to marry someone (naming no names!) when youre wife is alive  (albeit crazy, but alive) and locked in a room upstairs, is considered an error of judgement regardless the time period. Or however much your *former* fiancee may love you. 5. Unaccustomed Earth  by Jhumpa Lahiri A cohesive collection of stories from a more modern era, Unaccustomed Earth follows the lives of of families who have emigrated from Bengali to the U.S. or the U.K. and how they adjust (or struggle to adjust) to their new way of life. These stories are a little less centered on love, but in that way might  be more relatable to us as the average reader. This quote in itself speaks to the reader- how many times have you seen a person for whom you have feelings, you make these little, arbitrary connections and, all of a sudden, youre soulmates! Maybe not exactly, but love makes us into silly critters and what better way to show that than to tell the tales of people trying to adjust to difficult circumstances and still being swept up in the tremulous tides of love? 6. Twenty-One Love Poems and a Song of Despair by Pablo Neruda Pablo Neruda was what one might refer to as an unusual fellow. In addition to the great literary works, spanning from poetry to novels (for which he began amassing fame at the ripe old age of ten), that he produced, Neruda also served as a senator to the Chilean Communist Party. On a more personal note, Neruda was also a big believer in love, though he didnt have a lot of luck finding it until later in life; after two unsuccessful and potentially loveless marriages, Neruda finally met the love of his life,  Matilde Urrutia, who served as his muse for the remainder of his life and career.  The collection Twenty-One Love Poems and a Song of Despair was written as a dedication to the love he felt for his third and final wife. 7. The Fault in Our Stars  by John Green Famous already for its merit, The Fault in Our Stars was catapulted to further fame when the movie was released just a couple of years ago. While the film received some good reviews, the big screen never quite captures the mood of a novel quite as well as the written word can. Two teens, Augustus and Hazel, battle cancer and find themselves bonding over their mutual love ofbooks. *Wipes tears.* But seriously, this one is a bit of a tear-jerker. The more you fall in love with the story of these two falling in love in spite of their health and against the odds, the more you find yourself hoping that the inevitable isevitable. 8. Winnie the Pooh  by A.A. Milne If youve grown up anytime from the 1920s to the present youve at least heard the name Winnie the Pooh. Someone, somewhere out there has done a thorough plot and content analysis of the big yellow bear and his pals, but suffice it to say that if ever youre in need of a little pick-me-up, throw this on the telly  or YouTube- pretty much all these old cartoons can be found on YouTube these days. 9. Gone with the Wind  by Margaret Mitchell Gone With the Wind has been a classic both in novel form and on the big screen for decades. The novel (well, the movie too) follows the story of Scarlett, a spoiled southern belle, her love interest, Ashley, and Ashleys love interest, Melanie. Im sure you can see where this is going and youre probably right. Scarlett, being beautiful and accustomed to getting what she wants simply by existing is not happy to be overlooked for a girl she deigns inferior to herself, though we imagine Scarlett found most women inferior to herself. Regardless, Ashley seems to care little about Scarletts scorned feelings and the bitter woman relieves herself of her frustration by tormenting other men. Of course, this is a brief, and rather targeted synopsis, the novel itself is rich in a wealth of historical details, deep characters, and heartstring-pulling moments. Scarlett just happens to take center stage as far as Gone With the Winds love focus is concerned.

Captain James Cook As God Of The Natives History Essay

Captain James Cook As God Of The Natives History Essay In anthropology one of the famous debates associated with the understanding of religious rituals and historical events about the death of Captain James Cook, the British discoverer of Hawaii. Whether the Hawaiian native took Captain Cook as their returning God Lono, or whether this may have been an understanding of apotheosis under the European myth model, in this essay I will analyse the anthropological debate, and in a similar case of apotheosis in which the discoverer of Mexico, Hernan Cortes was taken for the returning god QuetzalCoatl, according to records. A debate between Marshall Sahlins (1981, 1985, 1989, 1995) and Gananath Obeyesekere (1992) regarding the apotheosis or meaning of Hawaii’s discoverer Captain James Cook, has become quite famous in Anthropology. Captain Cook the leader of the English exploration ship â€Å"Resolution† came to Hawaii on January 17, 1779 and died by the native Hawaiians on February 14, 1779 (Beaglehole 1974; Hough 1995). On one si de of the debate, Sahlins disgusts that Cook’s death fits within the Hawaiians’ Makahiki calendrical rituals, where Cook is known as the returning God Lono and, his life must be ritually claimed by chief Kalaniopuu, who in turn is known as Lono’s rival God, Ku (1981:11). Cook’s case is tried to show Sahlins’s structural understanding of culturally attached historical processes (1981:7). On the other side of the debate, Obeyesekere questions Sahlins’s analysis is that his historical sources were taken for granted, and their credibility was not completely checked (Obeyesekere 1992:66-67). Furthermore, he disgust that Cook’s death was accidental. (Obeyesekere 1992:20). One of the most important points where the Sahlins-Obeyesekere debate appears to be important is the question of Captain Cook’s apotheosis or, promotion by the Hawaiians native. Obeyesekere makes a difference between â€Å"apotheosis† â€Å"(which he defines as a European myth of white man taken as a God by natives)†, and â€Å"deification† â€Å"(a Hawaiian custom in which a dead chief is conferred a God status)† (1992:91) Obeyesekere questions the apotheosis of Captain Cook as a fact. In his opinion, the apotheosis is a mystification which he attributes to the European imagination of the 18th century. His hypothesis is based on the myth models â€Å"pertaining to the redoubtable explorer cum civiliser who is a God to the natives† (Obeyesekere 1992:3). Obeyesekere claim that it is the Europeans that created the â€Å"European God for the natives,† therefore forging a myth of victory, imperialism and civilization (1992:3). Captain Cook as the God Lono Much of the debate of Captain Cook’s apotheosis seems to come from the issue of being called Lono, the name of one of the chief God in the Hawaiian temple. The problem comes from Cook’s classification as Lono is central to the alternative in terpretation suggest by Obeyesekere, which suppress Sahlins’s hypothesis on Captain Cook’s apotheosis. Cook’s name â€Å"Lono† is related with a variety of cases, the most unlikely being Hawaii’s political crisis at the time of Cook’s arrival and the potential need to give him a status that would guarantee his bond in Hawaiian warfare. Obeyesekere finds proof in the ship’s journals that Cook was identify as a human (1992:76). The ship’s officers acknowledge that Lono is a name given to other highly placed people. For this reason many had interpreted Lono as a title, when truly is a title.

Mechanical vibrations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Mechanical vibrations - Essay Example Electromechanical devices also create mechanical vibrations. Fig 1 shows different types of vibration that are common sources of vibrations. The for examples of the daily life vibrations. Elementary Parts of Vibrating system The vibration of the body corresponds to the release and storing of the energy. The body stores the potential energy. There should be a mean to store the kinetic energy. In spring mechanism, spring stores the potential energy and mass is the medium that converts the potential energy is the spring to kinetic energy. In the similar case of pendulum, the length of the string determines the capacity of the system to store the potential energy and the mass acts to convert the potential energy into kinetic energy (Den Hartog, 1956). The major part of any vibrating body is the damping in the vibration that gradually tends to loss the energy of the vibrating body. In some cases where vibrations are undesired damping constants are high by absorbing the vibrations or by cr eating negative oscillations. The major types of forces that are acting on a vibrating system are disturbing forces, restoring forces, inertia force, damping force. Disturbing forces are forces which act to energize the system to make vibration in the system. Inertia force is the force that makes the vibrating body to remain in motion. Damping force is the force that tends to stop the motion of the body by damping the energy of the vibrating system (Den Hartog, 1956). Fig 2 depicts the mass attached to the spring showing the vibratory motion. F depicts the force, m is the mass, L is the length of the spring. Degree of freedom refers to the coordinates available for the motion of the vibrating body. The coordinates to evaluate the instantaneous position of the system at its each part is a degree of freedom of that system. A finite degree of freedom corresponds to a discrete or lumped parameter system; while an infinite degree of freedom corresponds to a continuous or distributed syst em. Classify various types of vibration in mechanical systems. Types of Vibration in Mechanical System In any mechanical system, the vibrations are typified according to their classification. The classifications of different vibration are as follows. Classification of Vibration: Vibrations in a system or within a system can be classified as †¢ Free and forced †¢ Damped and undamped †¢ Linear and nonlinear †¢ Deterministic and Random Free vibration Consider a vibrating system that is only once disturbed by exerting an external force and then the system vibrates with any further external force or disturbance. The vibration of such system is free vibration. If the mass attached to the spring is once stretched and then the eternal force is removed, the spring mechanism shows vibration on its own, this type vibration is called free vibration. Forced Vibration: Forced vibrations refer to the type of vibrations that are due to the constant disturbance or repeating exter nal force. Car engines, generators, and other constantly moving mechanical devices produce forced vibrations (Seto, 1964). Damped Vibration Damped vibrations are due to the damping factor that makes the system to gradually loss the energy and slow down the vibration of the system. Consider the mass attached to the spring, if it is once stretched and then the external force is removed; the vibration of the mass attached to the spring will gradually slow down due to the presence of damping force (Francis, Morse &

HUMAN RIGHTS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

HUMAN RIGHTS - Assignment Example The Second World War was unique in its own way and presented number of challenges. It had brought about destruction and catastrophe in a form never seen before (Ishay, 2008, p.179). It saw the usage of atomic bomb. A bomb that was strong enough to bring down entire cities. A single bomb resulted in life loss of over 46 thousand in Japan. The war had left millions dead, and those who managed to survive did not count themselves lucky just because of the troubles they faced. The problems at the end of the Second World War were multifold, ranging from economic and politic to social and humanitarian. All sought immediate solution. For this purpose, a realisation developed to create an entity that would protect the rights of people and provide them with shelter in form of human rights protection acts and resolutions. This entity came into existence in the name of United Nations. It was right in the last phases of the Second World War, where the resolve was shown for establishing such an en tity that would protect the people. The first causality of war is always humanity. Regardless of the size of war, be it a local war, local dispute between tribes, a bilateral war or a war that spreads across the continent and across the ocean, all eye human life and human rights. The resolve against human depravity and exploitation was shown, and the aims included protection of the human rights and ensuring that no other war takes place in history again. So far, the United Nations has succeeded to a certain extent in ensuring that the war is not fought on an international level. What has changed about the character of international relations? As a result of United Nations existence, the nations’ outlook and approach to international peace and regional stability has changed in a totally dynamic manner. Each nation is more concerned with the regional peace than they might had been in past. Under the charter of the United Nations, each of the country has the responsibility to en sure peace in their respective regions and also on international platform. They should denounce any oppression and any tyranny being performed in the name of governance over people. They should raise their voice for equality of the masses. They should denounce the actions of belligerents; for example, the case of the United States of America, which believed in international isolation prior to the Second World War and prior to the creation of the United Nations. It has changed its approach and has become an active member in the pursuit of global peace and protection of human rights ever since the end of the Second World War. This is the prime example of how the country’s mood has changed towards a more global community, where peace of one is peace of all. The United States stood totally indifferent to European conflicts in the First World War. And the prime example comes in form of the League of Nations and Woodrow Wilson Fourteen points that were not endorsed by the local bod ies. However, seeing the importance of international peace and stability, they changed their approach at the end of the Second World War. What kind of actor is best suited to pursue international human rights: individuals, NGOs, states or intergovernmental organizations? What are the strengths and weaknesses of each? Each of the members is an international entity in modern international law, and each has an onus of responsibility. Each works in their own domain towards achieving the goal of equal human rights and

Throckmorten Furniture Essay Example for Free

Throckmorten Furniture Essay Question # 1 Before the customer buys a product that is very important to him and is quite expensive he will go through a process. This process commences when the customer feel a sort of deprivation, a motive to buy that commodity. Once that motive becomes more intense it becomes a drive and forces him to take a course of action as to attain the product. So now the customer’s starts gathering information about the good he wants to buy. After that he will weight the pros and cons of all the alternatives he could think of as to decide upon the best possible alternative. After he is confident about his decision, with the support of his findings, he will actually make the purchase. The process doesn’t stop quite yet the consumer will also experience a post purchase satisfaction or dissatisfaction as per his experience with the product he bought. If he feels that his money spent was well spent then he will spread positive word of mouth about the product and where he got it from and hence become a loyal customer. Else, he will provide negative publicity for the company and its products and this in turn will stain the image of the company. Likewise to the above stated process our consumers who buy furniture will also go through the same experience. The need to buy the furniture can be aroused from many sources like a magazine. If the consumer sees a magazine in which there is a living room which is so nicely decorated he might feel that his own living room isn’t good enough and feels that he also has to upgrade. Nevertheless the drive to get new furniture could also be building up in the consumer for many years but due to the fact that he couldn’t afford it, the barrier coming in between him and his purchase. The need arousal for the furniture can be countless depending on the personality types of different consumers. After the urge to get the new furniture is strong the customer will go to various sources to collect information on the furniture type. He will pay more attention to advertisement which emphasizes the benefit of a particular type of furniture material. He will also seek advice from friends and family as he feels that their advice is more â€Å"original† as there is nothing in it for them if they recommend a particular furniture type. Whereas if the sales person of a particular store recommends the same thing to the customer he would look at it with more skepticisms as he feel that there is something in it for the sales person a commission or a bonus. Hence the customer always looks towards friends and family for the best possible advice. At times some of the members in the family are opinion leaders who the consumer thinks knows everything and will help him make the right decision. Nevertheless, the internet is also a very popular source for seeking information in this present day and age. With just a click the consumer can get all the possible information about the best raw material, the best prices, etc. the reason why the consumers goes to such a length to seek information is that he has no idea about furnitures. He wants to make the best decision but for this he first needs to educate himself. The consumers will evaluate furniture of varying stores keeping in mind the image of the store, the image of the brand, sales of the furniture piece, comparative advantage of the brand with competition, etc. After the various brands have been compared the time comes to make the final decision. It’s logical to assume that the consumer will select that brand which has the highest rating on the criteria’s that are most important to him. After this the consumer will realize how good or bad his decision was after the furniture’s being used. If he feel that the furniture looks and feels good and friends and relatives has showered him with praises on his decision then he will be delighted with his judgment. Else he will just be stuck with something because he spent a lot of money on it. Question # 2 Throckmorten Furniture has established itself as a unique designer and expensive store. It aims to cover the upper –middle class. Its furniture is expensive but nevertheless it enhances the prestige of the customer. The furniture is meant to satisfy the consumer’s emotional desire of having a unique one of its kind product. Throckmorten Furniture provides its consumers the benefit of its products uniqueness and exclusiveness which is provided by the furniture fabulous shape and design and durable quality. The consumers know that if they buy the furniture from this store they will be getting something more than furniture and that very fact becomes their motive to buy from Throckmorten. Furthermore, the services that Throckmorten provides to its consumers have given it the edge of retaining and further attracting consumer. Throckmorten Furniture feels that the consumers are the most valuable asset which they have to take care of that is why they have always stayed proactive and hired a well equipped sales force which knows how to treat their customers. The corporation follows the marketing principle that is why it makes the furniture types that the consumers would like to see in their houses. Their constant endeavor to strive for excellence has provided them with an edge that makes it so popular. Throckmorten Furniture is able to provide this unique value to their customers by continuously focusing on the quality of its products, may it be raw material, work in process or finished goods Throckmorten has always tried to make the process more efficient by reducing wastages but in that attempt not compromising on the products quality. Quality is very important for this company and it knows that very well that is why they have quality control at each part of the process. Throckmorten Furniture provides the service value to its consumer by spending a lot of money in hiring the right salesperson. They have places a handsome amount of money in the training of their sales staff as well. Question # 3 Throckmorten can offer its customers guarantee for their furniture. The customers can get a money back or exchange for their furniture if they are not satisfied. This will decrease the fear that normally creeps into consumers’ mind when they buy such expensive furniture that â€Å"they would be stuck with it even if they don’t like it†. This would be a unique value that the company would be providing to its customers and would definitely give them an edge as far as competition is concerned. Doing this will be a bit more complicated as now the corporate would have to examine the furniture to see that’s it not damaged and will also have to tackle fraudulent claims by some customers who want to misuse this facility. This after sales service would prove to the customers that Throckmorten is very confident about its products. Not many furniture companies would be willing to take such a step and that is the very fact that would lead to positive publicity for Throckmorten. Question # 4 Promotion of the product is very important for the furniture industry as the consumers have little knowledge about varying furniture types they maybe scared of making a purchase decision. So it’s the job of the industry to educate them of the specification of this industry. As various survey indicate the customers likes the experience of shopping for furniture they find it enjoying but nonetheless when the point comes to make the final decision they just feel that they aren’t ready for that. The loss they would experience is too immense, so this is why the furniture industry has to show the consumers how easy the task really is. The home furnishing council print advertisement was a fantastic way to put the consumer at ease. After reading it the consumer feels that buying new furniture isn’t that difficult or scary. Hence the company should focus on promoting the product. The more the customers see the print advertisement, the more familiar they will become with the brand. This will lead to the creation of a sort of bond that would compel the customer to buy from that particular store as they feel that the brand has to be good as they have â€Å"heard† of it a lot. For instance, if the customer seeks unique design in exclusive magazines if they like it they will be bound to buy it. Hence the power of mass media should not be under estimated. The company should therefore promote its furniture in all the right places, as it tend to fulfill the requirement of the upper class it cant just advertise in any magazine but only exclusive ones which their target audience views. The same goes with TV ad’s the advertisement should be placed in between those TV soaps that are viewed by the target market. Additionally Personal Selling of the product should also be focused by training the sales person as to how to interact with clients. The salesperson shouldn’t pressurize the client yet he should give them the time and space they desire. The placement of the furniture, the store layout and environment should also be given due consideration as these are the elements that are self speaking prompting element for Throckmorten Furniture. But, the marketer should always remember that they shouldn’t overdue their promotion efforts. If they flood the consumers with varying sorts of promotion efforts than that would just lead to the waste of their efforts as they wouldn’t notice them. Moreover, nowadays   with the TiVo and other digital devices the consumers can easily block the marketers efforts hence they need to be more clever in making a promotional appeal that is short yet effective, that’s the key to success! References: Kotler , Philip , Armstrong, Gary (2007). Principles of Marketing,.Prentice Hall; 12 edition. Schiffman , Leon , Kanuk, Leslie (2006). Consumer Behavior .Prentice Hall; 9 edition . Blythe , Jim (1997). The Essence of Consumer Behaviour (Essence of Management Series) . Prentice Hall PTR.

Teaching Philosophy :: Educational Teachers Classroom Essays

Teaching Philosophy What is a teacher? According to dictionary.com, a teacher is defined as a person whose occupation is teaching. In my opinion, there is more to being a teacher than just teaching. A teacher should look at there job as a chance to make a difference in a child’s life. A teacher must be a friend, mentor, and sometimes be a parent figure. Teachers should challenge students to their fullest potential. A teacher should expect more out of a student than just memorizing ideas then forget about them in the future. It is a teacher’s responsibility to educate students so they will be prosperous in the future. The idea of helping a child succeed in life gives me the motivation to want to become a teacher. The first question a teacher must ask him or herself is, how do I help these students learn? There are a couple ways to go about educating students, but in my opinion, students must be challenged. The idea of a student using their problem solving skills and going through critical thinking processes is based on the idea of progressivism. Progressivism has some very important concepts. One is the idea of a teacher being reflective. A reflective teacher has the characteristics of being thoughtful and inventive. A teacher who has the quality of being reflective looks back at the past and tries to figure out what helps their students to be successful. Another important part of progressivism deals with the teaching method. In my opinion, cooperative learning, critical thinking, and problem solving are the most important teaching methods of progressivism. Let us look at the idea of cooperative learning first. When a teacher uses cooperative learning activities in their teaching methods, they are allowing students to participate in group work. Group work is very important for students. Group activities allow students to learn how to deal with problems that will face them down the road; for instance how to work with others. Some students may be shy or not be a â€Å"people-person†. The idea of group based activities gives these students the chance to work with their classmates.

Gay Rights

Gay Marriage in the United States Gay marriage has divided the American people for over a decade. Yet such a sharp divide has occurred recently. Only a decade ago, gay marriage was nothing but an afterthought on the plates of many U. S. leaders. Many Liberal Democrats did not even support or condone the idea that same sex couples should be able to marry. However in early times, same-sex marriage was not considered exotic and in many cultures, it was encouraged. It was not until the rise of Christianity that a negative attitude towards same-sex marriage upraised.The turn of the 21st century has rought a new life and perspective onto this issue, and at this moment in time, a substantial majority of the American people actually supports same-sex marriages (Karaim, 2011). Marriage should be viewed as the union of two people based upon love and commitment. Marriage is an expression of our desire to create a social partnership, to live and share life's Joys and burdens with the person we l ove, and honoring these desires in all people strengthens society's bonds (Karaim, 2011).A marriage consisting of two males or two females is Just as natural as a marriage between a man and a woman. After many years of fghting this battle it is time for the U. S. federal government to enact a nationwide law granting civil right to marriage for everyone including the homosexual community. State legislatures have been deeply involved in the public debates about how to define marriage and whether the official recognition of marriage should be extended to same-sex couples. Sixteen states and the District of Columbia currently have laws that allow same-sex marriages.While other states are facing court challenges to keep same-sex marriages banned or to ban gay marriage from happening. In 2013 seven U. S States all through legislation and federal court decisions adopted the â€Å"Freedom to Marry' and now allow same-sex couples to marry. These states are Hawaii, Illinois, New Jersey, Dela ware, Minnesota, Rhode Island and California. Out of the sixteen total states that recognize same-sex marriages, ten states and the District of Columbia have acted through legislation, five through court decisions, and one through public initiative.The debate for same-sex marriage became noticeably public in the late twentieth century; it was not until 1993 during a case in Hawaii, that the issue became national news. The ruling of the case stated that the restriction of marriage and its benefits to opposite-sex couples were unconstitutional. The Hawaiian case, declared that no state would be required to recognize a same-sex marriage from another state, and also defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman† (Axel-Lute, 2002, p. l).By the end of that same year, a majority of states passed laws prohibiting same-sex marriage. Since then, states have defined their own definition of marriage, the Defense of Marriage Act stating a marriage is between a man and a woman h as been struck down as well. On a more recent note Hawaii's House of Representatives heard 56 hours of public testimony over five days. And on November 1 lth 2013, the House passed the marriage y a 30 to 19 vote . This made Hawaii the titteentn state to legalize same sex marriage in the Unites States.Earlier this year this same-sex marriage bill hit legislative roadblocks. It wasn't until the U. S. Supreme Court ruled in June that the federal Defense of Marriage Act was unconstitutional. Governor Neil Abercrombie then called this piece of legislature back into special session to pass a compromise easure that added rights for religious figures who oppose same-sex marriage. The most influential reason against same-sex marriage is based on religion, and the â€Å"traditional† marriage is known as the social contract between a man and a woman.

Is Macbeth responsible for his own downfall Essay

Macbeth is completely and solely responsible for his own downfall. He lead himself to defeat by falling to his fatal flaws. Manipulation, ambition, and power got the better of him creating great inner turmoil, and bringing him to an abrupt end. From the beginning Macbeth was able to choose his own fate. The moment when he eagerly listened to the witches and said to them â€Å"Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me more† shows that he believed that what they are saying was of great importance to him. The tempting words of the witches prophecies ignited a spark of greedy ambition in him that he had not realised was there. This lead him to make his decision to follow their persuasive words so although they tempted him, it was his own ambition that drove him to commit the crimes. Macbeth’s ambitious nature is shown many times throughout the play. Once the king had made him Thane of Cawdor and the first â€Å"and great† hurdle had been overcome, the possibility of him having crown becomes fixed in his mind.when he hears Malcolm has been pronounced as the king heir Macbeth admits to himself that he has â€Å"Black and Deep Desires†. He finds himself battling with his conscience but when he says  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent but only vaulting ambition, which o’erleapes itself and falls on the other†Ã‚  it shows that he has no reasons to kill the king except to fulfill his own ambition. Macbeth’s overly ambitious quest for power motivates him to prematurely end the life of the current king. Not only does Macbeth quest for power end the life of King Duncan, but he continues to murder for no reason whatsoever apart from malice. the evil tyrant that Macbeth has become is proved when he plans alone to murder Lady Macduff and her children. At this stage of the play Macbeth has lost all human compassion and empathy so he thinks nothing of murdering innocents. Had he stopped at the first murder of king Duncan he may have got away with it but his manic behaviour turns everyone against him and can ultimately  only lead to his own demise. By the end of the play it is obvious that a valiant Macbeth no longer exists. He suffered greatly from his fatal flaws: being mainly manipulability, ambition and the sense of power. Macbeth’s life comes to an abrupt end, and no one grieves him. He died a tyrant and a murderer, all through his own fault.

The eNotes Blog The Nature of Leadership Engaging our Youth to Become BetterLeaders

The Nature of Leadership Engaging our Youth to Become BetterLeaders Excellent leadership skills can come naturally to some, but early  experiences impact our adult leadership potential. At a young age, children learn to develop leadership skills by being nurtured  and  encouraged by adults such as parents, family members, teachers and caregivers. Qualities  imposed by  adults, such as moral development, communication, and diversity can all greatly affect the way children become leaders. Reflect on your own leadership qualities to see how you can better impact  young adults to become  future leaders. Moral Development   Children learn valuable leadership skills during their childhood such as communication, organization, problem solving, and even creativity. A leader is someone many people look to for direction, inspiration, and guidance. As an adult, enriching a child’s life as early as possible with leadership skills, experiences, and knowledge, is essential to their adult leadership potential for the latter part  of their life.  This includes social and cultural norms, as well as rules and  laws that have the ability to influence a child’s proper attitude and behaviors.  Adults have a strong ability to help shape morality within children by teaching the difference between right and wrong, how to see things from another’s point of view, and how to work with others in team situations. What can you do to strengthen moral development? The best way to teach morals and ethics is through example. It is important to create a solid moral code- a code that will guide children to stand up for their beliefs and act right, even without us.  Look for moral issues and talk about them as they come up: from TV shows and news events to situations at home, school, and with friends. Tell your child how you feel about the issue and why. A  childs moral development is an ongoing process, and you are someone who has the ability to be a positive example and instill beliefs, knowledge and habits that will be the foundation your children use forever (act wisely!). More on moral development → Communication   Communication with children at a young age is imperative to the leadership skills they identify with as adults. While children may need to hear messages repeated several times, it is best to learn from good communication and seeing how others respond to them. It is important to model effective leadership behavior to children and communicate with them so they can effectively learn the difference  between right and wrong through a system of trial and error. Children  are inherently drawn to the good moral values, but adults who engage children in good behavior, allow them  opportunities to do a good job, and offer praise when appropriate are likely to strengthen a child’s leadership skills at a very young age. Much of a child’s leadership skills are developed during their time at school. In an article by Ann Lieberman titled Can Teachers Really Be Leaders? she states â€Å"Teachers who become leaders are in a unique position to make change happen. They have learned a great deal about how to teach well and know how to build the kind of school and classroom conditions that can help transform schools.  Without a doubt, teachers play a huge role, whether they realize it or not, in developing leadership within their students, their classroom, and their  entire school. Teachers intend to serve others and make a difference in the lives of their students and, by doing so, help shape the future. What can you do to encourage communication skills? At school, extracurricular activities such as student government groups, sports, and clubs all have the ability to engage young adults in becoming better future leaders. Actively being involved in any of those areas allows opportunities for the development of communication as well as team building experiences.  The leadership skills gained from ones personal involvement in extracurricular activities is especially important during ones academic career. For example,  college admissions offices are often looking for more than students with great gradesthey  are looking for students with outstanding involvement in athletics, school clubs, and community organizations. Diversity   Considering diversity within leadership allows a group of leaders to be created who have an understanding and appreciation towards people’s differences and unique characteristics.  Children learning about diversity not only at home, but also in  academia, creates multiple environments where peoples’ differences and unique characteristics will be highlighted as a useful skill. Having children understand diversity and implementing its importance at a young age will help and encourage them to work together with others and give them an opportunity to learn about the individualities of those around them. Encouraging more diversity within our lives and implementing a greater knowledge about diversity to children is extremely beneficial to society by allowing them to  recognize others with different skills, experiences, attitudes, and backgrounds. What can you do to encourage diversity? Be open-minded and learn about issues and concerns of other people. Get to know people who are different than you by making a conscious effort to be exposed to  people who act, speak, look or worship differently than yourself, and consider the words and impacts of your actions. Model this type of behavior to youth through your normal daily interactions. Diversity has the ability to create curiosity and an interest in different peoples and cultures. Instilling these values and beliefs, especially in our youth, of accepting others despite dissimilarities allows our society to come together and work in unity with others. Children that are exposed to diversity at a younger age will then grow up to become leaders that are able to work across differences and assist teams towards a common goal. More on diversity → Leadership is a Continuous Process All in all, the development of leadership skills within one’s life is a continuing process that never ends. Leadership starts at a young age when children are learning from their parents, teachers, and society. This development then continues through high school and young adulthood where we experience diverse situations and learn to work through these situations with others. Everyone has the ability to learn new skills and be enriched with new experiences that help them become a better leader in our society. Moral development, communication, and diversity are aspects of leadership skills that are taught to children by adults and learned and experienced by children at a young age. There is no such thing as a perfect leader, but rather a leader who devotes his- or herself  to increasing their knowledge and experience with the hope of bettering others. The hope of bettering others can begin with being efficient role models and leaders to the youth in our society.

Race and racism (evolution) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Race and racism (evolution) - Coursework Example These Blacks come from a number of African regions including the West Central African region, the Mozambique-Madagascar area, the Gold Coast, the Sierra Leone region, the Bight of Benin, the Bight of Biafra and the Senegambia areas (Gomez. 1998). Although these people come from different parts of Africa and embrace different cultures and traditions, they are collective referred to as African-American owing to their continent of origin and the color of their skin. The early black slaves were treated as in debentured servants who are under contract to serve their masters for a certain number of years in exchange for their passage or transportation, food, shelter, clothes and others (Foner, 2004). As slaves, these people are under the control of their masters and they can be sold to another master. Since these people are literally owned by their masters, they are not allowed to marry without the express permission of their masters and if they do not follow the rules of their masters, th ey can be subjected to harsh physical punishment (Foner, 2004). Female slaves who were allowed to marry and have children often have to stay longer with their owners to make up for the â€Å"lost† days that they missed when they got pregnant and had children (Foner, 2004). Since indentured slaves are released after a number of years or after they are able to pay their so-called â€Å"freedom dues†, many blacks were freed after a certain period (Hine et al., 2002). However, this freedom was short lived since laws were passed legalizing slavery in many parts of the country. The first law that legalized slavery was passed in the State of Massachusetts in 1641 and allow for race-based slavery (Hine et al., 2002). As a result, blacks were relegated to slavery and their children remained as properties of their owners. Children who were born into bondage were treated as properties of their owners and they were under the full control of their masters for the rest of their live s (Hine et al., 2002). The history of slavery among Blacks started the culture of racism against African-Americans and despite the fact that many prominent members of the black community, including President Barrack Obama, have shown the world that Blacks are do not belong to an inferior race, still, racism continue at different sectors and levels in society. Although racism may not be a prevalent as it was several years ago, still it cannot be denied that racism is still very much alive in the United States. According to a survey conducted by USA Today/Gallup poll (Jones, 2008) shows that racism is still very much present in our society and despite efforts to eradicate racism against Blacks, it cannot be denied that Blacks still feel the effects of racism. To get a clearer picture on how race and racism have shaped the lives of the Black community, let up trace the history of the struggles and triumphs of the African-Americans. II. Racism Facts and Issues Faced by African Americans There are a number issues faced by African-Americans over the years and these issues include slavery, racial segregation, political discrimination, economic disadvantages and social inequities. To get a clearer picture of these issues, let us discuss these issues based on facts and historical data. a. African-Americans in the Age of Slavery, Emancipation and Segregation During

The aviation sector plays a key role in the tourism industry. In the Essay

The aviation sector plays a key role in the tourism industry. In the light of low cost carriers they have opened up many new to - Essay Example Conclusion 7 References 7 Appendix 9 1. Introduction Airline carriers have a key role in the development of tourism worldwide; their contribution to the development of destinations is related primarily to the increase of profits of local businesses; however, the development of a place as a cultural destination could be also achieved through the airline carriers – without which the visiting of the above place would be extremely difficult. Indeed, airline carriers have offered the chance to travellers to be informed on the existence of places, which are distinctive in terms of their commercial or cultural tradition. In practice, it has been proved that airline carriers are also benefited by destinations; these benefits can be either direct, i.e. increase of profits, or indirect, i.e. increase of popularity/ awareness of brand name. In other words, a two-way relationship seems to exist between the airline carriers and the tourism industry (as a key part of the economy of destinat ions); however, in certain cases, the terms of their cooperation are not clear or equal. The power of airline carriers to choose their destination has led to the development of an unfair competition among destinations; this problem has been effectively faced through the low cost airlines, even if these carriers also can harm destinations – mostly through their practice to ask for low airport fares, in the context described below. 2. Airline carriers and new destinations 2.1 Airline carriers – role in the success or failure of tourist destinations Airline carriers offer the chance to their customers to visit destinations that may not be quite known to the public, i.e. destinations which are not developed as tourism destinations. From this point of view, airline carriers can contribute to the growth of a place as a tourism destination, a fact that would also lead to the gradual increase of the number of passengers of local airports. Particular emphasis should be given on low cost carriers which can significantly affect the development of tourism destinations, a fact highlighted in the study of Fageda et al. (2009); after analysing a series of Spanish routes, the above researchers came to the conclusion that ‘low-cost carriers have a moderate but still significant effect on prices and increase alternatives even in low-density routes’ (Fageda et al. 2009, p. 36). Moreover, in accordance with an article published in the Wall Street Journal (2010), the development of low cost carriers can increase the number of passengers, a fact that would lead to the increase of profits in destinations; in the above article, reference is made to the case of India and the significant increase in the number of passengers since the entrance in the market of the low cost airline carriers – it is noted that due to these carriers ‘the number of annual fliers was doubled, reaching the 44.5 million in 2009 from 22.3 million in 2005’ (The Wall Street Journal 2010). It should be also noted that low cost carriers help to resolve the following problem: there are routes and destinations which are abandoned by large carriers, as being considered non-profitable, as the level of profit is set in large carriers; through the low cost carriers, passengers are given the chance to have access to these destinations, in a low fare (Business Traveller 2009). If such chance would not be given by low cost carriers,

Project management as imperative for business organization Essay

Project management as imperative for business organization - Essay Example Project management has been depicted as a finely developed and a well recognized and accepted domain of professional expertise and as a sphere for academic study geared at promoting improvements in a system (White and Fortune, 2002). It likewise presents a logical and an efficient methodology to all phases of a project by ascertaining that every move and every step is meticulously conceptualized, supervised, monitored and accounted for. At the outset, its application was intended for big organizations with intricate systems and processes; however, contemporary techniques of project management can be modified and tailored to suit the needs of the smaller firms (Baccarini, 1999). In essence, project management is not just a process or a method; it is really more of a "mindset," thus, it is imperative for business organization owners or those in the higher echelon of firm management to be receptive to its potentials toward progress before it can be initiated as a constructive and a valuable process within the organization. Definition/Principles As a concept, project management has been in existence for centuries with its casual use of the Chinese and Egyptians that led to remarkable undertakings like the Great Wall of China and the Pyramids. Nonetheless, as a contemporary phenomenon, it has gained so much attention, focus and acceptance in the Information Technology industry as rapid developments continue to flow (Fox 2004). In a treatise centering on the significant components of effective project management, it has been inferred that - "In any project situation, there is a client/customer who has a unique need which requires knowledge and resources to conduct the realization of the concept within the specific constraints of time, money and specification. The effective management processes of planning, monitoring and control are required to translate the idea of change into tangible deliverables" (Cicmil, 1997). As it is, project management is a novel process whose implementation has become a great necessity in today's competitive market. To endeavor the completion of any project entails several elements and obstructions, among them are client special requirements, project complexity, organizational restructuring and project risks (Kerzner, 2003). With a methodical procedure in place, obstructions can be explained and courses of actions and suitable measures can be taken to either prevent or overcome them. Some of the many potential benefits project management provides include (Kerzner 2003): Identification of functional responsibilities ensuring that all activities are accounted for; Identification of time limits for scheduling; Measurement of accomplishment against plans; Early identification of problems; and Improved estimating capability PMI (2000) supplied a straightforward description and characterization of the term which depicts it as "the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project requirements." As the concept of project management surfaces, three core stimuli are involved (Baccarini, 1999): 1. Complexity - refers to the mounting intricacies of responsibilities and the necessity for higher levels in the spheres of expertise 2. Change - deals with progressively active settings and the continuous presence of pressure within organizations and the execution of change due to global competition 3. Time - refers to the demands for responsibilities, assignments and objectives to be

MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM CHANGE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM CHANGE - Essay Example The advantage is in terms of faster communication and effective information processing, which all becomes possible when firms have diversified information management systems (Dupouet 2013, pp. 6-15). Theoretical View According to modern business theorists, modernisation has brought volatile environments for businesses. Such environments are trendy and hence demand change in the organisation systems. The ability to adjust to the change has become prerequisite (Nowduri 2010). Without modification the firms cannot progress or even survive in the globalised business order. According to Bate’s study in 1994, there are two levels of organisation change: incremental and transformational (Macredie et al. 2005). The incremental change is stage-wise and is based on minor modifications just as change of an information system, processes or structure. Transformational change is radical and depends on the level of incremental change achieved within the organisation system (Marco 2012, pp. 2 20-229). Changing the information setup is a part of the organisation change process and to implement it, there are several issues that organisations have to address (Clarke 2012, pp. 79-81). This report will bring insight into theMIS change process in terms of two organisational setups including NHS (National Health Service) and Amazon. This is to bring a clear viewpoint on information system change by having a practical example of organisations presently operating. Information System Change in Amazon DATA Amazon is a leader in electronic sales and retail works on electronic data and information (Matthews 2012). The company has acquired electronic modules to manage customer based data. The nature of data is electronic, for which Amazon administrators utilise the excessive content management process (Soderstrom 2012). The reliance is highly on e-commerce and electronic management systems where information is spread to appear for international customers and the market. Amazon being a true market seller has brought diversified data management systems (K Laundon & J Laundon 2012, pp. 4-20). To manage online service activities, the enterprise has deployed advanced communication networks. These activities include site management, communication, interaction, flexible merchandising and transaction processing, which all have become possible by Amazon’s online information management system (Gorman 2012). The enterprise works on self-deployed information systems, and also has acquired commercial licensed systems for extensive information processing. This is all to ensure effective data management and communication, which are essential features of Amazon as an international business organisation (Gorman 2012). The real and most apparent change brought by Amazon was its transition from a small business enterprise into a large data holding corporation. It was all because of modifications made on the information side and in the World Wide Web business. Keeping data o f million customers at one time were not possible if Amazon had not planned its e-commerce activity. To organise the e-commerce operation, Amazon deployed an international data management mechanism (Pratt & Adamski 2011, pp. 1-30). This managed data of millions of customers at one time of operation and at a single time of retrieval. All of this was done in short time and with a maximum coverage of benefits. The design

Online Education for Brake System

Online Education for Brake System How many students who use the hydraulic brake system in my class? Development of an E-Course for How many students who use the  Hydraulic brake systems? The lesson aims to provide an online course for brake system (hydraulic) for TTC students. The proposed course is designed based on the approach of research based learning. Proposed design of the circuit is supported by the theory. The data will be collected from TTC students. The study will conduct survey and design an online course study the lesson aims to provide an online course for Automotive for TTC students, a new design for hydraulic course. The proposed course is designed based on the approach of research-based learning/ the proposed design of the circuit is supported by the brake system theory. The data will be collected from TTC students. The study will conduct surveys and design an online course/ study designs a prototype of hydraulic and test its function by asking the experts. The target group of my lesson is Automotive group of TTC and Refrigeration Air Conditioning students. Students will fill out the survey and the results will be presented and discussed during the c lass time. The expected result is to provide a new learning course for refrigeration brake system Provide a new function, improving the performance, solving the problem of hydraulic . Abstract Vehicle, traffic accident investigation, hydraulic drive braking system, braking system condition, braking process, braking efficiency, master cylinder, caliper, brake pads, brake drum, wheel hub, pistons, brake hose. Hydraulic system is just one system from multiple systems, which is common between the cars. The hydraulic system is work by different ways and easy maintenance and spare parts cheap ways compared with air system or electromagnetic system.The Brake systems most important in vehicles, planes and even trains, the brake system is the main workers in the slow movement of the car and turn it off, if the driver is driving a car or any vehicle moving at high speed and the brake at same moment damage, most be a crash or may be injured and even die.After a lot of traffic accidents since the invention of the car, most companies seeking to drive the security of all, and most important things the companies sought after improving the brake system in terms of performance and responsiveness in case of emergency. Definition First of all, the brake system its use to slow the vehicle or stop it. Second, brake pedal its moves the piston in master cylinder. Then the piston moves the brake oil inside the brake hose. After that, the brake pads or shoes get force to friction with dick brake and slow the vehicle or stop. Finally, stoplight a rec color will be switch on because the driver pressure brake pedal. Types of brake system 1-Disc Brakes This type circular shape, which is installed on wheel, caliper is who holds the disc brake. Hydraulic pressure of the master cylinder is the main reason for the pressure on the caliper piston to the friction between the pads and brake disk. This causes to friction and then stopped the car or slow down. 2-Drum Brakes The drum brake comprise brake drum attached to the wheel, brake shoes wheel cylinder, brake return springs, and wheel cylinder. The drum brake its use it most in big cars like GMC because higher weight of the vehicle. The drum brake gets the force or hydraulic pressure from master cylinder, then the wheel cylinder push the brake shoes against the brake drum. Because this thing will be friction between the shoes and drum, and will become the car is slow or stop. 3-Emergency Brakes This type its separated from brake system, its old system. This system was working by hand. The way it works as follows, when brake system Hydraulic no work or happened something cusses nonstop the wheel, the driver pull the cable around it. The emergency brake used in emergency situation, in container the other brake system fail. This system has become one of the important things related to safety, most of the modern cars use the system (ABS), the system working on the brake surprise, he was working on the tires from slipping on wet roads and after the rains, this system work monitors each wheel separately, when the car slipping what to do this system? ABS mechanism with the service brakes to decrease stopping distance and increase control and constancy of the vehicle during hard braking. It is important for TTC students to know more about the advantage of E-Learning. E-learning is using multimedia (video, text audio, pictures) together in learning. Students can learn any time and any place without problem. E-learning solve the problem of distance for those living faraway of universities. It is important in terms of documentation. Students can have the learning materials whenever it is needed. At TTC there are some examples of e-Learning practices. One of these platform is Bzoor where students can learn, get connected and have learning materials. 1.1. Benefit: The benefit of this e-course is use it anytime and you dont have to bring any materials with you so I will focus to use e-course to present my topic phishing which are part for risks in technologies. The study of Bolsunovskaya (2013) so the aim of the report is to explain what is e-learning and is important especially for students. The result was the students have knowledge about e-learning as they can use as video, text audio, pictures in anytime and it is important because solve the problem that face some students with distance for who lives faraway from colleges. As previous studies mentioned the aim if this study is to provide a new course for improving the skills and knowledge of brake system (hydraulic)for TTC students, the idea here is to solve the problem of understanding of hydraulicrisks for TTC students. The current study is going to answer the question of: How many students who use the hydraulic brake system in my class? David E, 1992, HYDRAULIC BRAKE SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS FOR OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT Shenshen Shi, 2016, AUTOMOBILE BRAKE SYSTEM -D. Andrikova AT EL, 2016Design of flat wheel braking control system with three modes of motion: rolling, sliding, locking Bolsunovskaya (2013), Resource Efficiency in TPU: Implementation of English Language E-courses. -https://www.howacarworks.com/basics/how-the-braking-system-works -http://www.levintirecenter.com/types-of-brakes.html